Rethinking Nano‐TiO2 Safety: Overview of Toxic Effects in Humans and Aquatic Animals

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO₂) are widely used in consumer products, raising environmental and health concerns. An overview of the toxic effects of nano‐TiO₂ on human and environmental health is provided. A meta‐analysis is conducted to analyze the toxicity of nano‐TiO₂ to the liver, circulatory system, and DNA in humans. To assess the environmental impacts of nano‐TiO₂, aquatic environments that receive high nano‐TiO₂ inputs are focused on, and the toxicity of nano‐TiO₂ to aquatic organisms is discussed with regard to the present and predicted environmental concentrations. Genotoxicity, damage to membranes, inflammation and oxidative stress emerge as the main mechanisms of nano‐TiO₂ toxicity. Furthermore, nano‐TiO₂ can bind with free radicals and signal molecules, and interfere with the biochemical reactions on plasmalemma. At the higher organizational level, nano‐TiO₂ toxicity is manifested as the negative effects on fitness‐related organismal traits including feeding, reproduction and immunity in aquatic organisms. Bibliometric analysis reveals two major research hot spots including the molecular mechanisms of toxicity of nano‐TiO₂ and the combined effects of nano‐TiO₂ and other environmental factors such as light and pH. The possible measures to reduce the harmful effects of nano‐TiO₂ on humans and non‐target organisms has emerged as an underexplored topic requiring further investigation.     

退火温度对HA/Ti-24Nb-4Zr复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了HA/Ti-24Nb-4Zr生物复合材料,研究了不同退火温度对复合材料显微组织和力学性能(抗压强度、屈服强度、屈强比、压缩弹性模量)的影响。结果表明,烧结态复合材料主要由β-Ti相、少量初生α-Ti相及HA相组成;随着退火温度的升高,复合材料基体中β-Ti相含量增多且晶粒逐渐长大,针状次生α-Ti相在晶界处和晶内不断析出,HA相结构和含量变化不大;与烧结态相比,不同退火温度处理后的复合材料强度和弹性模量先略微上升后下降,而塑韧性呈不断提高趋势;复合材料在850 ℃退火处理后,抗压强度、屈服强度、屈强比和压缩弹性模量值分别为1507 MPa、1270 MPa、0.84和42 GPa,塑韧性得到明显改善,作为生物医用植入材料具有潜在的应用前景。     

多组元钛合金电子束冷床炉熔炼挥发规律研究

利用电子束冷床炉(EB炉)一次熔炼制备TC4、Ti6242、TA15钛合金铸锭,采用Langmuir定律对熔炼过程中Al、Sn、Zr、Mo等元素的挥发规律做了简要的数值分析,并与实际挥发规律进行了对比分析。结果表明:EB炉熔炼TC4、Ti6242、TA15钛合金过程中,Al元素在3种合金中的挥发率有所不同,挥发率由大到小顺序为TC4>Ti6242>TA15;Al元素是TC4钛合金中主要的挥发元素;Ti6242钛合金中,Al、Sn元素之间存在联合挥发的问题;TA15钛合金中,Al、Zr元素之间亦存在联合挥发的问题,Al元素带动了Zr元素(难挥发元素)的挥发。     

冲击载荷下TC18钛合金力学性能模拟研究

TC18钛合金在退火状态下的屈服强度非常高,进行动态力学性能测试存在一定困难,可优先考虑采用数值模拟方法对其动态力学性能进行研究,而数值模拟结果的精确性主要取决于合金本构方程的精确性。为了减少数值模拟与实验结果之间的差异,在Johnson-Cook模型的基础上做了调整,利用ABAQUS软件的子程序接口自定义了材料本构子程序UMAT,以代码的形式来扩展ABAQUS程序的功能。通过与ABAQUS/Standard软件分析结果以及实验结果的对比,验证了自定义材料本构子程序UMAT计算结果的精确性与可靠性。该研究可为TC18钛合金的结构设计提供参考。     

高强WSTi544221合金组织与性能研究

研究了轧制变形量对WSTi544221合金棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对Φ10 mm规格的棒材进行不同制度的固溶+时效处理,对比了不同热处理状态下棒材的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随着轧制变形量的增大,WSTi544221合金棒材的晶粒细化程度增大,强度逐渐提高,但塑性变化不大。经870℃×1 h/WC+520℃×6 h/AC固溶+时效处理后,强度与塑性可以获得良好匹配,当抗拉强度达到1 610 MPa、屈服强度达到1 531 MPa时,延伸率和断面收缩率可分别保持在12%和43%。     

表面活性剂对钛合金复合微弧氧化膜结构与耐磨性能的影响

为了在钛合金表面制备耐磨性能良好的复合微弧氧化膜层,研究了4种不同类型的表面活性剂对复合六方氮化硼(hBN)固体润滑微粒微弧氧化膜层微观结构及其耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂对复合微弧氧化(MAO)膜层的微观结构和耐磨性能有明显的影响,阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵降低了复合MAO膜层中h BN微粒含量,削弱了膜基结合,因而不利于膜层耐磨性能的改善;非离子型表面活性剂无水乙醇由于挥发性强导致膜层的致密性下降,降低了膜层的耐磨性能;阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对复合MAO膜层的结构和耐磨性能影响较小;阴离子型表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠则有效改善了hBN微粒在电解液中的分散性,进而改善其在MAO膜层中的复合及分布状况,从而明显改进了复合MAO膜层的耐磨性能。     

Ti6Al4V钛合金表面蓝色微弧氧化膜的制备及性能

利用微弧氧化技术在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备出蓝色微弧氧化膜。对微弧氧化膜的微观形貌和元素组成进行了分析,并对微弧氧化膜的显微硬度进行了测试。结果表明:微弧氧化膜表面光整,呈均匀深蓝色,其主要由Ti、Mn、O和C四种元素组成,还含有少量的V、Al和Si元素;微弧氧化膜的表面粗糙度约为0.159μm,与钛合金的表面粗糙度相近;微弧氧化膜的显微硬度为5 437.4 MPa,显著高于钛合金的显微硬度。     

退火温度对EB熔炼低成本TC4钛合金宽厚板组织和性能的影响

采用EB炉一次熔炼TC4合金扁锭作为直轧坯料,在4200 mm宽厚板轧机上成功制备出规格46 mm×2650 mm×8700 mm的低成本TC4合金宽厚板,研究了退火温度对低成本TC4合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:EB熔炼TC4合金扁锭经过两火换向轧制,粗大铸态组织得到充分破碎,热轧态TC4合金板材显微组织中等轴α或条状α含量较高,横纵向室温拉伸性能差异小,横向室温冲击吸收能量小于纵向,横纵向心部强度均高于表层。TC4合金板材经750~900 ℃退火,横纵截面为等轴组织,经950 ℃退火,横纵截面为双态组织,经980 ℃退火,横截面为双态组织,纵截面为魏氏组织。随着退火温度升高,TC4合金板材抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度呈下降趋势,伸长率基本不变,室温冲击吸收能量先升高后降低,900 ℃退火后,强度、伸长率和冲击吸收能量达到最佳匹配。     

Influence of helium ion radiation on the nano-grained Li2TiO3 ceramic for tritium breeding

Lithium titanium oxide (Li₂TiO₃) tritium breeder ceramic plates with nano- and coarse-grain size were fabricated. The preparation methods contained CTAB-modifying precursor, combining dry-pressing with isostatically cold-pressing, and calcinating at optimized sintering temperature in turn. Then their properties were characterized after radiation by 280 keV helium (He⁺) ion. Extensive characterization analyses were performed to reveal the changes in nano-grained and coarse-grained Li₂TiO₃ after radiation. They contained glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron spin resonance (ESR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed as follows, GIXRD peak position of the nano-grained Li₂TiO₃ was more stable than the coarse-grained Li₂TiO₃ after radiation. Nano-grained Li₂TiO₃ was less rough and swollen than the coarse-grained one after radiation. Nano-grained Li₂TiO₃ had more excellent structural stability and less defect concentration of Eʹ-center after radiation. As a result, nano-grained Li₂TiO₃ might have much better radiation tolerance than the coarse-grained one by comparing characterization results.